The first effects of the Holocaust came to the Franks after the Germans invaded the Netherlands.
In Germany, they had felt discomfort due to the ever-rising antisemitism. But, they did not truly feel its extensive effects during their time in Frankfurt. It was more worry, than actual experiences.
When the Nazis invaded the Netherlands, in May 1940, segregation for Jews, and the prejudice which came with it, followed soon after.
Even though Margot and Anne were excelling in their studies, being keen learners too, they were forced out of their school.
They were accepted into a school called the Jewish Luceum.
This instantly separated them from their old friends, which, most probably, never saw anything bad from the Frank family.
They were singled out because of their 'race'.
Simply because they were Jewish.
As soon as this separation - along with the mutual dislike people were beginning to feel towards Amsterdam's Jewish population - Otto wanted to emigrate to the US with his family.
This attempt was blocked - not even turned down, but instantly disregarded.
The Governement of the US had decided that any people with relatives from Germany could be spies.
Because of this petty reason alone, the Franks had no choice but to stay.
As Anne says in her diary entry (June 20th 1942) the sanctions the Nazis had put in place were severe.
For example, Jews had no mode of transport - their bicycles had been taken off them, and they were not allowed in cars.
Jews were restricted to Jewish owned establishments.
Jews were forbidden to play, or do, physical activity in public.
Jews couldn't watch films in theatres; and couldn't enjoy entertainment of any kind.
Just to name a few.
But the list continues. And things get worse.
Jews had only two hours - between 3pm and 5pm - to do their shopping.
Jews were forbidden to use any area where physical activity took place - for example, tennis courts and swimming pools.
Jews were forbidden to be on the streets between 8pm and 6am.
Anne recited all of these statements with clarity within her words.
As though she knew everything she needed to know - and didn't think it was wrong.
Her age probably aided with this.
Barely a teenager. The world in her grasp. But still so far away.
In the same entry, more struggles were so clear.
Her grandmother died in January 1941. Exactly one year before the entry was written.
She says that her memory lives on.
An extra candle was lit that day.
To remember.
The Frank family's struggles - and those which affected every other Jew under rule by the Nazis - continued as more time went by.
The Nazi disgust towards their religion - which was based on lies and excuses - continued.
Continued to multiply; continued to strengthen and become more serious; continued to get worse.
In July 1942, the horrors of the Holocaust worsened severely for the Franks.
Anne's sister - Margot - had received a letter.
A letter which ordered her to 'relocate' to a work camp.
Otto knew what this meant straight away, and couldn't bare to let his daughter go to her death.
Unavoidable - and, most definitely, irreversible. He was convinced.
Otto told his family that they would be going into hiding.
He had known it was inevitable. He had planned this escape, but had also expected more time until the day came where he would have to follow through with what he had planned.
But once the letter had arrived, they had no time to spare.
Otto had previously had a business, which he had been the director and owner of.
But, due to the Nazis closing all Jewish businesses, he had to make severe changes, to save it.
He still had shares - but he no longer 'owned' it.
Anne and her family moved to the businesses property, on a steet named Prinsengracht, to go into hiding.
The rooms that they stayed in was above and behind the actual business, as far away out of view as possible.
Otto selected people from his business that he knew he could whole-heartedly trust.
And then they began living in Amsterdam once again, in safety.
But the four of them were trapped in the confines of three small rooms.
Drastic measures.
But one of the only ways to successfully survive.
Survive for as long as possible.
The Frank family moved to their new 'home' on 6th July 1942.
This room was like a historic hidden passageway.
A small bookcase - which held many books which had been previously owned by Otto - later marked the hidden entrance.
The entrance had been hidden originally.
But, for even more secrecy and security, a bookcase was later placed there.
Before moving, the family had left their previous home in disarray. Typical, everyday, items were no longer present.
They managed to make it look as though they had left.
Permanently.
A note - written by Otto - hinted that they had traveled to Switzerland.
At the time, this was very believable.
An ingenious way to avoid the inevitable of the Nazis finding them.
For as long as they possibly could.
They had to leave behind their cat, Moortje.
A small, painful - for Anne - sacrifice for a much bigger purpose.
This accommodation was known as the Archterhuis (English translation: the secret annexe).
The rooms that they stayed in spanned over three floors.
Only four of Otto's employees knew about their presence.
Victor Kugler.
Johannes Kleiman.
Bep Voskuijl.
Miep Gies. (Fifth person {non-employee}: husband, Jan Gies)
These people catered for the Franks typical needs.
Providing food; informing them with the latest news; ensured safety.
Over time - due to rationing - all of this gradually got harder.
But these people - even while knowing the death penalty would be given to them in an instant for helping Jews, if the Nazis ever found out - continued to help.
They had dedication.
And, so clearly, they defied what the Nazis wanted them to do.
These people were bystanders.
But they were still helping to fight their cause.
However the way they did it.
On 13th July 1942, the Franks were joined by the vans Pels family.
This family consisted of three people: Hermann, Auguste and 16 year old son, Peter.
Later that year, in November, a family friend - and skilled dentist - named Fritz Pfeffer.
These people were from around Amsterdam.
Joined together for one single reason.
To survive.
At first, Anne shows her delight about the new arrivals in her diary.
New people to talk to; other opinions and ideas; other backgrounds and stories to be told.
But, her glee was short lived.
She soon realised that she held a disliking to some of these people - namely Fritz Pfeffer and Hermann van Pels.
In Anne's diary, these two people were shown to be greedy and selfish.
She explained in detail - the fact that they gorged on the small amount of food that was meant for everyone, disregarding others.
Being extremely rude; keeping to themselves.
Anne showed insight, though.
She noted that living in small, confined, spaces could change people.
But she didn't use it as an excuse for their actions.
Anne also didn't, at first, like young Peter van Pels.
She saw him as shy and awkward - rude, in fact.
But, later - due to many different reasons, namely the tight confinement they both suffered - they shared a romance.
Anne couldn't figure out her feelings towards Peter.
In many ways, the Nazis brought them together.
And, I believe Anne wouldn't have wanted this.
In her writing, the development of relationships was clear.
For example, Anne and Margot had become closer.
Before, they hardly liked each other at all - but, after sharing an experience together which would define both of their futures, they had become friends.
Anne repeatedly showed her contempt towards her mother.
They shared a mutual dislike, which somehow multiplied during their confinement.
Her mother possessed sarcasm and hard-heartedness.
When re-drafting her diary, Anne noticed her extreme views.
She later realised, in many ways, she had been just like her mother.
A misunderstanding, rather than equally matched hatred.
Anne's aspirations continued, even when the months passed by and the knowledge of being trapped continued.
She wanted to be a journalist. She wanted to return to school.
Not once did she believe her hopes would amass to nothing more than figures of her imagination.
In desperation, she wanted her life back.
Just as it was before the Nazis.
Her religion had defined her.
And the Nazis would never let this fact go.
No matter what happened.
Anne Frank's diary entries ended on the 1st August 1944.
In Germany, they had felt discomfort due to the ever-rising antisemitism. But, they did not truly feel its extensive effects during their time in Frankfurt. It was more worry, than actual experiences.
When the Nazis invaded the Netherlands, in May 1940, segregation for Jews, and the prejudice which came with it, followed soon after.
Even though Margot and Anne were excelling in their studies, being keen learners too, they were forced out of their school.
They were accepted into a school called the Jewish Luceum.
This instantly separated them from their old friends, which, most probably, never saw anything bad from the Frank family.
They were singled out because of their 'race'.
Simply because they were Jewish.
As soon as this separation - along with the mutual dislike people were beginning to feel towards Amsterdam's Jewish population - Otto wanted to emigrate to the US with his family.
This attempt was blocked - not even turned down, but instantly disregarded.
The Governement of the US had decided that any people with relatives from Germany could be spies.
Because of this petty reason alone, the Franks had no choice but to stay.
As Anne says in her diary entry (June 20th 1942) the sanctions the Nazis had put in place were severe.
For example, Jews had no mode of transport - their bicycles had been taken off them, and they were not allowed in cars.
Jews were restricted to Jewish owned establishments.
Jews were forbidden to play, or do, physical activity in public.
Jews couldn't watch films in theatres; and couldn't enjoy entertainment of any kind.
Just to name a few.
But the list continues. And things get worse.
Jews had only two hours - between 3pm and 5pm - to do their shopping.
Jews were forbidden to use any area where physical activity took place - for example, tennis courts and swimming pools.
Jews were forbidden to be on the streets between 8pm and 6am.
Anne recited all of these statements with clarity within her words.
As though she knew everything she needed to know - and didn't think it was wrong.
Her age probably aided with this.
Barely a teenager. The world in her grasp. But still so far away.
In the same entry, more struggles were so clear.
Her grandmother died in January 1941. Exactly one year before the entry was written.
She says that her memory lives on.
An extra candle was lit that day.
To remember.
The Frank family's struggles - and those which affected every other Jew under rule by the Nazis - continued as more time went by.
The Nazi disgust towards their religion - which was based on lies and excuses - continued.
Continued to multiply; continued to strengthen and become more serious; continued to get worse.
In July 1942, the horrors of the Holocaust worsened severely for the Franks.
Anne's sister - Margot - had received a letter.
A letter which ordered her to 'relocate' to a work camp.
Otto knew what this meant straight away, and couldn't bare to let his daughter go to her death.
Unavoidable - and, most definitely, irreversible. He was convinced.
Otto told his family that they would be going into hiding.
He had known it was inevitable. He had planned this escape, but had also expected more time until the day came where he would have to follow through with what he had planned.
But once the letter had arrived, they had no time to spare.
Otto had previously had a business, which he had been the director and owner of.
But, due to the Nazis closing all Jewish businesses, he had to make severe changes, to save it.
He still had shares - but he no longer 'owned' it.
Anne and her family moved to the businesses property, on a steet named Prinsengracht, to go into hiding.
The rooms that they stayed in was above and behind the actual business, as far away out of view as possible.
Otto selected people from his business that he knew he could whole-heartedly trust.
And then they began living in Amsterdam once again, in safety.
But the four of them were trapped in the confines of three small rooms.
Drastic measures.
But one of the only ways to successfully survive.
Survive for as long as possible.
The Frank family moved to their new 'home' on 6th July 1942.
This room was like a historic hidden passageway.
A small bookcase - which held many books which had been previously owned by Otto - later marked the hidden entrance.
The entrance had been hidden originally.
But, for even more secrecy and security, a bookcase was later placed there.
Before moving, the family had left their previous home in disarray. Typical, everyday, items were no longer present.
They managed to make it look as though they had left.
Permanently.
A note - written by Otto - hinted that they had traveled to Switzerland.
At the time, this was very believable.
An ingenious way to avoid the inevitable of the Nazis finding them.
For as long as they possibly could.
They had to leave behind their cat, Moortje.
A small, painful - for Anne - sacrifice for a much bigger purpose.
This accommodation was known as the Archterhuis (English translation: the secret annexe).
The rooms that they stayed in spanned over three floors.
Only four of Otto's employees knew about their presence.
Victor Kugler.
Johannes Kleiman.
Bep Voskuijl.
Miep Gies. (Fifth person {non-employee}: husband, Jan Gies)
These people catered for the Franks typical needs.
Providing food; informing them with the latest news; ensured safety.
Over time - due to rationing - all of this gradually got harder.
But these people - even while knowing the death penalty would be given to them in an instant for helping Jews, if the Nazis ever found out - continued to help.
They had dedication.
And, so clearly, they defied what the Nazis wanted them to do.
These people were bystanders.
But they were still helping to fight their cause.
However the way they did it.
On 13th July 1942, the Franks were joined by the vans Pels family.
This family consisted of three people: Hermann, Auguste and 16 year old son, Peter.
Later that year, in November, a family friend - and skilled dentist - named Fritz Pfeffer.
These people were from around Amsterdam.
Joined together for one single reason.
To survive.
At first, Anne shows her delight about the new arrivals in her diary.
New people to talk to; other opinions and ideas; other backgrounds and stories to be told.
But, her glee was short lived.
She soon realised that she held a disliking to some of these people - namely Fritz Pfeffer and Hermann van Pels.
In Anne's diary, these two people were shown to be greedy and selfish.
She explained in detail - the fact that they gorged on the small amount of food that was meant for everyone, disregarding others.
Being extremely rude; keeping to themselves.
Anne showed insight, though.
She noted that living in small, confined, spaces could change people.
But she didn't use it as an excuse for their actions.
Anne also didn't, at first, like young Peter van Pels.
She saw him as shy and awkward - rude, in fact.
But, later - due to many different reasons, namely the tight confinement they both suffered - they shared a romance.
Anne couldn't figure out her feelings towards Peter.
In many ways, the Nazis brought them together.
And, I believe Anne wouldn't have wanted this.
In her writing, the development of relationships was clear.
For example, Anne and Margot had become closer.
Before, they hardly liked each other at all - but, after sharing an experience together which would define both of their futures, they had become friends.
Anne repeatedly showed her contempt towards her mother.
They shared a mutual dislike, which somehow multiplied during their confinement.
Her mother possessed sarcasm and hard-heartedness.
When re-drafting her diary, Anne noticed her extreme views.
She later realised, in many ways, she had been just like her mother.
A misunderstanding, rather than equally matched hatred.
Anne's aspirations continued, even when the months passed by and the knowledge of being trapped continued.
She wanted to be a journalist. She wanted to return to school.
Not once did she believe her hopes would amass to nothing more than figures of her imagination.
In desperation, she wanted her life back.
Just as it was before the Nazis.
Her religion had defined her.
And the Nazis would never let this fact go.
No matter what happened.
Anne Frank's diary entries ended on the 1st August 1944.